Quotation Analysis Song of Solomon Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Citation Analysis Song of Solomon - Essay Example n, 36).reflectingon a past family he had known, Freddie recounts to the narrative of a kid who was breastfed until he was thirteen years yet he takes a gander at Milkman like he is making up that story. Freddie imagines that breastfeeding a youngster until that age is upsetting and surprising. This can be prove by his words ‘that’s a piece much’. In the novel, Ruth additionally realizes that its unordinary and that is the reason she examines disgrace when Freddie discovers her breastfeeding. Numerous decades back men ran their homes with iron steel and were better than ladies. Then again, ladies had no psyches of their won since men characterized them and directed them. Whatever moves they made it must be supportive of the men since men assumed liability for their spouses, or any female identified with them, activities. In this manner men were extremely exacting with ladies from their open practices, dressing and mien. Macon dead tells his sister, â€Å"Why cant you dress like a woman?... whats that mariners top doing in your mind? Don’t you have stockings? What are you attempting to make me look like in this town?† (Morrison, 45). Macon sees that his sisters dressing style as demonstration of imprinting his picture of a rich man with properties. He is in actuality embarrassed about his sister and tosses her out of his home. Macon thinks about the ‘bad dressing’ literally as he says â€Å"what are you attempting to make me look like in this to wn?† A lady can dress how she feels like and a brother’s picture ought not be spoiled by his sister’s decision of dressing. Additionally, Pilate was not insufficiently dressed just revolting like a man without any stockings and such like ladylike dressing plans. Also, Macon thinks about his sister to ‘common road women’ who are whores. In mystery Macon loathed her sister more than her dressing in that he shivered at what individuals would think when they saw his sister with a little girl and no spouse, her girl too had a little girl and no husband. He didn't need her quality in his family. Pilate endures at the two his dads

Oxfam Essay Example for Free

Oxfam Essay Oxfam does numerous things to help individuals. A portion of the things they do are: 1) When People need assistance in a crisis †quick. They spare lives, quickly conveying help, backing and security; and they assist networks with building up the ability to adapt to future emergencies. 2) They assist Poor with peopling take control, take care of their own issues, and depend on themselves †with the correct help. They finance long haul work to battle neediness in a large number of networks around the world. 3) They crusade to get more cash to help individuals. At the point when individuals are in a crisis Oxfam come and drop supplies for fast use. They assist poor with peopling to take control by giving apparatuses and abilities. This empowers networks to burrow wells and plant seed to develop crops. At the point when they crusade, they cause adverts so individuals to can witness the fiascos that in different nations. Their statement of purpose is â€Å"Oxfam is a worldwide development of individuals working with others to beat neediness and languishing. † They follow their announcement by working with different nations all around the globe that can loan some assistance to their motivation. They additionally go on the news when they do there crisis drops for individuals. Additionally, on the site, they distribute what they have done as of late, and what they are doing to support now. You additionally here about individuals getting wells and ranch land in the paper, alongside the organization that is liable for getting it going I imagine that Oxfam should help individuals in England just as individuals abroad in light of the fact that everybody says that different nations are wrecked, and that 60% of their children are in neediness, however when you take a gander at our nation 1 in each 3 children are in destitution. So I feel that a portion of the cash ought to be spent on getting our children out of neediness just as children abroad. I inquired as to whether they feel that Oxfam should help individuals in our nation and why. One individual stated: â€Å"I imagine that Oxfam should help individuals in our nation since we burn through a large number of pounds to help different nations when we state we have no cash, so on the off chance that we can locate that much cash to support different nations, at that point why not utilize the cash first to support our nations.

Natural Apex

Rundown ‘Natural Apex-Defining a National Energy Policy for the Next Decade’ is a book composed by Bruce E. Fleming; this book is Fleming’s exertion to clarify and clarify the fast approaching lack of vitality choices later on, and as the title recommends, goes further to propose the future vitality choices (Fleming).Advertising We will compose a custom article test on Natural Apex-Defining a National Energy Policy for the Next Decade explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More as of late, even with an Earth-wide temperature boost and its belongings, there have been more discussions on the appropriation of ‘green’ vitality options. In this book Fleming joins this discussion. He endeavors to offer arrangement on the worldwide requirement for elective vitality sources. To begin with, he recognizes the likelihood that in a couple of years there’s prone to be a â€Å"disruptive deficiency of common resources† (Fleming), which are lessening at a speed that the present endeavors to make sure about them may not be conceivable. He clarifies the incongruity that the moderate waning of regular assets is halfway because of the exertion by the world to receive ‘green’ vitality choices. For example, with the decrease of raw petroleum the world is thinking about biofuel as a substitution. Yet, the world might be foolish in its push to make that change as reflected in the call to clear the Amazon backwoods for developing yields that could be utilized as biofuel, when the air contamination coming about because of clearing and consuming would be more terrible than if the timberland were not contacted and individuals kept on utilizing petroleum derivatives. It is Fleming’s wish in this book individuals would comprehend and acknowledge that characteristic assets and vitality emergency is a chance. Second, he investigates the vitality choices with which to adequately react to such when it comes. At last, he trusts that his contentions in this book will be a decent stage on which to â€Å"develop and arrange a drawn out national methodology for vitality that bears a worldwide point of view that is comprehensive of suitable and moderate alternatives† (Fleming). In this exertion, Fleming makes various contentions. Fleming opens his contention by guaranteeing that, not at all like the gone quarter of a century when a country’s monetary quality was made a decision about comparative with the measure of completed merchandise that it delivered or the administrations it offered, a period is moving toward when a country’s riches will be made a decision about dependent on how much access to and control of normal assets it has. As of now, Fleming refers to, China and India, two of the quickest developing economies which are confronting the issue of constrained common assets. Be that as it may, in time, because of an inexorably â€Å"highly interrelated worldwide economyâ €  (Fleming), the difficult will in the end come to influence all countries. What Fleming finds testing in the push to comprehend a worldwide vitality emergency, as anticipated in this book is the current globalization and where it is probably going to be going, and the subsequent closeness of countries, particularly according to the greatness of the emergency. Additionally, as a result of, everything countries may need to submit themselves and participate among themselves. Tragically this worldwide arrangement is very mind boggling and probably won't be a smooth ride. This is particularly since, while â€Å"meaningful cooperation† (Fleming) is the best way to fill in the social and monetary hole between the rich and not really rich countries, such a collaboration is probably going to be undermined when personal responsibility race for the lessening regular assets starts.Advertising Looking for exposition on business financial aspects? How about we check whether we can sup port you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More But Fleming additionally explains that the ‘crisis’ isn't probably going to be because of deficiencies of common assets as such, however because of an interfered with stream of these assets to the fundamental created and creating nations: â€Å"shortages would cause transient monetary impacts on explicit nations†¦ (yet) genuine breaks in the essential normal assets stream to key rising and created countries will at long last beginning an extended overall financial meltdown† (Fleming). This is probably going to be helped by unsolved complex social, monetary and policy driven issues on the planet today: political turmoil in Africa and the Middle East, late Central America food riots and, among others, rising threatening vibe on fundamental products in rising and industrialized countries. As effectively expressed, one of the assets prone to set out toward the most noticeably awful low is unrefined petroleum . This will be because of ascend in cost and low gracefully. This, Fleming explains, won't be because of vanishing unrefined petroleum, in actuality, he concedes that it is impossible oil will vanish from the substance of the earth. Rather, this will be because of an overall decrease underway and investigation. He takes note of that while oil can even now be found under the seas and earth’s outside layer, those that can without much of a stretch be separated, effectively reachable, are evaporating. As of now, Fleming refers to creation of oil in Russia and Saudi Arabia, the two countries with the world’s greatest fields of oil where creation has begun to decrease. Numerous different fields are creating less and less. It is conceivable that in fifty years unrefined petroleum won't be the primary wellspring of vitality for the world’s economy. Having various vitality options is a confirmation for the proceeded with development and thriving of the world economy. He nce, there is critical need to survey the world’s vitality alternatives. Fleming regrets the way that even as the world recognizes the need to look for elective wellsprings of vitality, both as protection against the inevitable decrease of raw petroleum and as a stage towards an increasingly green world economy, the countries are not giving the issue the earnestness that it merits. A far reaching vitality approach, Fleming proposes, must be accomplished through collaboration between both the legislature and the private division. In the subsequent section, suitably titled ‘Powered by Diversity’, Fleming proposes the need to expand vitality choices as an approach to guarantee proceeded with power flexibly. Numerous industry experts, in light of anticipated utilization rates in the following 30 years concur that worldwide oil stores will be drained between the years 2030 and 2040. In that capacity, there’s requirement for elective wellsprings of vitality, par ticularly sustainable power source as long haul ventures towards lessening outrageous reliance on quick biting the dust fossil fuel.Advertising We will compose a custom paper test on Natural Apex-Defining a National Energy Policy for the Next Decade explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Fleming suggests that the US should receive an integrative vitality approach that includes both non-sustainable power sources, for example, atomic (uranium) vitality and petroleum product (flammable gas, coal, oil), and sustainable power sources, for example, Hydropower, Solar, Wind, Geothermal, Biomass, Tidal, Wave, Hydrogen and Pumped Storage (Fleming). Further, he checks their preferences and disservices dependent on their impact on the earth. Fleming likewise investigates the high points and low points of biofuel, while he perceives that biofuel is a vital wellspring of vitality for the US and other industrialized nations, he cautions against a â€Å"unchecked biofuel industry g rowth† (Fleming 3) as this would be a calamity for the worldwide condition. Ascend in biofuel creation agrees with low food creation since biofuel is produced using food; Fleming alludes to this as ‘Food as Fuel’. The US, for example, has been creating less wheat since 2005, this is on the grounds that most ranchers have dumped wheat creation and moved to corn cultivating required for ethanol creation. Thus while â€Å"demand for food has risen around the world, with the exception of Argentina, surplus creation from the world’s significant food makers, close by the US have really decreased† (Fleming). Accordingly there’s been an ascent in the expense of food and other food items. Figuratively speaking, there is an ascent in the interest for biofuel in the US, as such there’s been an expanded redirection of food (consumable harvests) for use as and in the creation of biofuels. Creation of ethanol additionally decreases the sum exportable consumables. As of now referenced, the requirement for biofuel has diminished the creation of wheat. Since delivering corn is progressively gainful to ranchers, they are progressively dumping creation of exportable harvests. For example, cotton makers in the US are likewise moving to corn creation. The ramifications of this is sooner rather than later, the US is probably going to be a cotton merchant. As indicated by Fleming, this pattern is increasingly disadvantageous that it has its advantages, for example, more vitality is utilized in creating ethanol from corn than it gives. This ethanol is alluded to as ‘energy sink’ (Fleming). At long last, unchecked biofuel creation isn't just liable to prompt further natural debasement, yet in addition to amazingly expanded food deficiencies. It is in the third Chapter that Fleming gets down to the fundamental focal point of his book as inferred in the title; here he gives the structure, what he calls the ‘Blueprint†™, for ‘his’ proposed vitality strategy.Advertising Searching for paper on business financial matters? We should check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Find out More He examines the targets of this system under seven significant activities; these activities as he talks about them would include, (1) lessening the US’s utilization of unrefined petroleum; (2) expanding the every day measure of light raw petroleum and other oil from residential sources into the SPR saves; (3) the G8 gathering of industrialized countries setting Food and Biofuel Protocol to guarantee a fair result of the requirement for both; (4) protection of the world’s significant downpour timberlands through direct financial

Summary of marketing article Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Outline of promoting article - Essay Example Of these specialists, Converse was one of the main to stress on clients which has now become the center of the idea of showcasing blend. The creator has given a reasonable course of events which diagrams the different creators and their commitments to the idea since 1911 until 1960. The creator has given an unmistakable and brief clarification of the different contributions from a few creators in a reasonable way. The creator further proceeds onward to talk about the ‘blossoming of the promoting mix’, where he has called attention to how Culliton (1948) proposed the name for the idea. He proceeds onward to give a clarification of how the name created and how the 1950s saw a development as far as the idea and the related speculations. Again the creator has given in an extremely powerful and proficient way the commitment of a few creators throughout the years and how the advertising blend idea developed and framed shape. The creator likewise features how the 4Ps of showcasing had been presented and created in 1960. Besides, the creator has proceeded onward to talk about a basic part of the idea where the future contemplations for the promoting blend have been made. Here the creator considers and examines the commitments of Park, MacInnis and Silverman and their proposals of the 4Ps setup. The idea appeared dependent on the few monetary hypotheses that were available in the prior years. Anyway there have been inquiries regarding the motivation behind the 4Ps and the general helpfulness as far as animating interest. The creator has addressed some significant parts of the present day thought of the field of advertising and has drawn out some appropriately new contemplations where the showcasing has been perceived to be the authoritative culture and theory. The creator has additionally brought out fundamental focuses which feature the requirement for a fresher view on the idea which can be found in the light of some down to earth dynamic procedures of the current

Essay on Democracy - How to Write an Essay on Democracy

Essay on Democracy - How to Write an Essay on DemocracyThe first and most important step in writing an essay on democracy is to define what you want to say. If you are a student who wants to read up on world history, make sure you understand what the word democracy means in a general sense so that your essay will not turn out to be incomplete.The second step is to create a broad concept of democracy that may be broad enough to be useful to readers. In this step, you have to include some of the more specialized concepts in a general sense. Your essay should be an overview of democracy in different situations.For example, if you are writing about Haiti, you have to be aware of its political and economic structure. On the other hand, if you are writing about the United States, you should know how to correctly apply the concepts of democracy and human rights in a realistic and thorough manner. In fact, if you are an American citizen and want to write an essay on democracy, you should be able to explain the history of democracy in the United States.You should make use of the Internet when you want to learn more about the basic concepts of democracy. The Internet is a vast repository of information and you can find information about democracy on the Web in abundance. You should also take note of some of the specialized websites that concentrate on political and social issues, especially those related to democracy.Information is also available in the form of books that can be used as a basis for your writing. Some of these books have been translated into English and provide useful details on the history of democracy. However, if you are a student and you want to write an essay on democracy, you may also want to write a short report about some of the activities of students in various universities.These basic steps will help you write an essay on democracy. To make things easier, you can do a web search on each of the above mentioned topics and get hold of some helpful information.When you start writing an essay on democracy, you have to establish the terms of the essay and then start to lay down the main argument in the essay. In this way, it will be easier for you to write an essay on democracy that will be engaging and interesting.Remember that this subject is very important for academic papers and you will need to pay attention to every aspect of the subject. Try to keep track of various techniques and tools and you will soon find yourself having written an essay on democracy.

Humans Have A Tremendous Capacity For Compassion And Hatred, Peace And

Humans Have A Tremendous Capacity For Compassion And Hatred, Peace And Humans Have A Tremendous Capacity For Compassion And Hatred, Peace And War, Harmony And Conflict â€" Essay Example > Social Behaviour and Human NatureHumans have a tremendous capacity for compassion and hatred, peace and war, harmony and conflict. [To err is human, to forgive is divine](Alexander Pope)Conflict and variability of ideas is the realm of this world. No two people are ever the same due to different opinions and experiences. Hence, no two persons can have the similar kind of minds. As self interest is unavoidable, along with scarcity of resources the conflict is somehow natural. Similarly the intense emotions like kindness, disgust, peace, war, agreement and conflict are in human instinct. Human beings have a natural push for move from the physical needs to psychological needs. As a community of human beings expand, the desire for security increases. As the need to survive is fulfilled, the need to communicate becomes apparent. Every human has some natural traits, a set of qualities in his self. Everyone possesses these set of traits with varying intensity. But the urge to rule and or der, compassion and hatred, peace and war, harmony and conflict can be seen in all human beings, at individual as well as on community level. When a community becomes powerful, without any concern with the individual differences and mutual conflicts, it goes to conquer the so called enemy. It is evident from history that communities had been on wars for natural resources, conflicting ideologies and urge to show power and many other reasons. But in the present era the trend of wars has changed. The civilization and modernization has made people realize that wars are a source of destruction and loss of valuable human lives. The more a nation is develops, the more it values individual life. To protect humanity and peace in the world, after World War II, the United States along with developed nations, established United Nations organization which aimed at the protection of world from war in future. UNO is the well established institution on which the whole world nations trust. Since i ts establishment, it is providing valuable services to the world by maintaining peace and prosperity. The United States of America, today’s sole world power, has always emphasized the importance of human life and dignity. It has been supporting the developing nations since World War II for their betterment. After the breakup of USSR, a non state actor called Taliban emerged on the world politics. As this network of Taliban gained power, it became a threat to the peace for the world. After 9/11 incident, USA started taking serious action against Al Qaida or Taliban network. As its human nature that human being cannot forgive a loss of his life. Surely he has a tremendous capacity for sympathy and hatred, peace and war, harmony and conflict. USA has been very kind to the developing countries like Afghanistan, Pakistan and Gulf States. It has been helping the countries financially, socially and for scientific and educational development but the terrorists situated in Asian region t argeted New York and turned USA infuriated. The attack on a developed nation will obviously result in defensive attacks on the suspected regions. When US was compassionate for the world, it left no stone unturned to help the poor nations but when it was offended by 9/11 attacks, the quest of security made president bush to act for the security of the united states. As Pope Alexander said beautifully that to make a mistake is human nature but to forgive is divine. This never happened after the offence of 9/11. The actual terrorists deserved severe punishment but in order to rebuke them, many innocents were killed perhaps unintentionally by USA.

Social Issues and Its Impact of Criminal Justice - Free Essay Example

Criminal justice practitioners are essential in our country, they work together to maintain order. Criminal Justice Personnel are impacted daily by social issues across the United States. Three social issues that will be discussed are gangs, drug-alcohol abuse, and overcrowded prisons. This essay will inform you on how these three social issues contribute to one another and how they impact the criminal justice system. Gangs across the US are the culprits for so much criminal activity, for example drugs, gun trafficking, prostitution, human trafficking, fraud, and murders (Gangs. 2016, May 03). According to the federal bureau of investigation there are 33,000 active gangs in the United States, these numbers include motorcycle gangs, street gangs and prison gangs (Gangs.2016, May 03). Criminal justice practitioners must be on constant vigilance for any gang activity within their communities, as gangs can have a very negative impact on them. Some negative effects gangs can have been; decreasing home values, mental effects on children of gang members, and lastly deaths of innocent bystanders. Unfortunately, juveniles are easy targets for gang members, neglected or abused teenagers form a lot of these gangs; fast money, enjoyment, friends, and respect are also reasons why people join (Gang Prevention: An Overview of Research and Programs. n.d.). Criminal justice practitioners have programs in place to help school aged children, an example of this is, the gang resistance education and training program or (GREAT). In this program Law enforcement personal teach children how to avoid being involved with gang activity, this is one-way criminal justice practitioners are also involved (Smith, M., JH Bloomberg School of Public Health. 2009, August 27). Programs like this can have a positive impact on criminal justice professionals because they feel good about helping children make better decisions for a better future. Drug and alcohol abuse are responsible for 80% of illegal acts that eventually lead to incarceration in the United States. (Wilcox, S. n.d.). Criminal justice personal deal with the negative effects that substance abuse usually causes for example dui’s, domestic violence, drug offenses, public intoxication, disorderly conduct, and sexual assault (Wilcox, S. n.d.). All these examples will need criminal justice personal, from law enforcement, mental health, crime scene investigators, lawyers, and probation officer’s but these are just a few of the professionals involved. A lot of time people dealing with drug or alcohol abuse are not sent to prison and are put on community supervision where they receive some type of rehab services. Probation officers oversee monitoring and making sure offenders stay out of trouble. Dealing with people under the influence can impact criminal Justice personal in negative ways, police can encounter bodily fluids like being spit on or even ha ve to use hand to hand combat as well as lethal force. These can impact law enforcement both mentally and physically. Brutal inmate on staff assaults have occurred in many prisons across the United States. According to Joe Davidson with the Washington Post there has been more than 350 savage assaults on staff from 2008 to 2009 (Davidson, J. 2012, October 15). Overcrowding is starting to be of bigger concern since it can have a high ratio of inmates to correctional officers. Let’s not forget to mention the mental affects that we so much hear about on documentaries, all of these can lead to prisoners hurting themselves, other inmates, and personal working inside the facilities. Relapse in prisons is also common, prisoners will finish their term and once again end up behind bars, causing this overcrowding issue. There are programs in prisons that are implemented so that inmates can try and turn their lives around. Criminal justice personal put their lives on the line everyday inside of prisons some either because they are security or because they might be giving a class to inmates. When dealing with criminals everyone around is a target, some inmates have life sentencing which to them means they don’t have anything to lose. To conclude criminal justice personal are impacted both physical and mentally. They sacrifice a whole lot so that our country can be safer. While some people think of criminal justice personal as bad those are the same people calling them for help. Crime impacts criminal justice professionals every day and it’s not new news. What is impressive is that people know how it can impact them both physically and mentally but still want to be a part of the criminal justice personnel and make a difference.

Empress Wu Zetian of Tang and Zhou

Like so many other strong female leaders, from Catherine the Great to the Empress Dowager Cixi, Chinas only female emperor has been reviled in legend and history.  Yet Wu Zetian was a highly intelligent and motivated lady, with a strong interest in government affairs and literature.  In 7th century China, and for centuries afterward, these were considered inappropriate topics for a woman, so she has been painted as a murderer who poisoned or strangled most of her own family, a sexual deviant, and a ruthless usurper of the imperial throne.  Who was Wu Zetian, really? Early Life The future Empress Wu was born in Lizhou, now in Sichuan Province, on February 16, 624.  Her birth name probably was Wu Zhao, or possibly Wu Mei.  The babys father, Wu Shihuo, was a wealthy timber merchant who would become a provincial governor under the new Tang Dynasty.  Her mother, Lady Yang, was from a politically important noble family.   Wu Zhao was a curious, active girl.  Her father encouraged her to read widely, which was quite unusual at the time, so she studied politics, government, the Confucian classics, literature, poetry, and music.  When she was about 13, the girl was dispatched to the palace to become a fifth rank concubine of the Emperor Taizong of Tang.  It seems that she likely did have sexual relations with the Emperor at least once, but she was not a favorite and spent most of her time working as a secretary or lady in waiting.  She did not bear him any children. In 649, when Consort Wu was 25 years old, Emperor Taizong died.  His youngest son, 21-year-old Li Zhi, became the new Emperor Gaozong of Tang.  Consort Wu, since she had not borne the late emperor a child, was sent to Ganye temple to become a Buddhist nun.   Return From the Convent Its not clear how she accomplished the feat, but the former Consort Wu escaped from the convent and became a concubine of Emperor Gaozong.  Legend holds that Gaozong went to the Ganye Temple on the anniversary of his fathers death to make an offering, spotted the Consort Wu there, and wept at her beauty.  His wife, Empress Wang, encouraged him to make Wu his own concubine, to distract him from her rival, Consort Xiao. Whatever actually happened, Wu soon found herself back in the palace.  Although it was considered incest for a mans concubine to then pair up with his son, Emperor Gaozong took Wu into his harem around 651.  With the new emperor, she was a much higher rank, being the highest of the second rank concubines.   Emperor Gaozong was a weak ruler and suffered an illness that frequently left him dizzy.  He soon became disenchanted with both Empress Wang and Consort Xiao and began to favor Consort Wu.  She bore him two sons in 652 and 653, but he had already named another child as his heir apparent.  In 654, Consort Wu had a daughter, but the infant soon died of smothering, strangulation, or possibly natural causes.   Wu accused Empress Wang of the babys murder since she had been the last to hold the child, but many people believed that Wu herself killed the baby in order to frame the Empress.  At this remove, it is impossible to say what really happened.  In any case, the Emperor believed that Wang murdered the little girl, and by the following summer, he had the empress and also Consort Xiao deposed and imprisoned.  Consort Wu became the new empress consort in 655. Empress Consort Wu In November of 655, Empress Wu allegedly ordered the execution of her former rivals, Empress Wang and Consort Xiao, to prevent Emperor Gaozong from changing his mind and pardoning them.  A blood-thirsty later version of the story says that Wu ordered the womens hands and feet chopped off, and then had them thrown into a large wine barrel.  She reportedly said, Those two witches can get drunk down to their bones.  This ghoulish story seems likely to be a later fabrication. By 656, Emperor Gaozong replaced his former heir apparent with Empress Wus eldest son, Li Hong.  The Empress soon began to arrange for the exile or execution of government officials who had opposed her rise to power, according to traditional stories.  In 660, the sickly Emperor began to suffer from severe headaches and loss of vision, possibly from hypertension or a stroke.  Some historians have accused the Empress Wu of having him slowly poisoned, though he had never been particularly healthy. He began to delegate decisions on some government matters to her; officials were impressed with her political knowledge and the wisdom of her rulings.  By 665, Empress Wu was more or less running the government. The Emperor soon began to resent Wus increasing power. He had a chancellor draft an edict deposing her from power, but she heard what was happening and rushed to his chambers.  Gaozong lost his nerve and ripped up the document.  From that time forward, Empress Wu always sat in on imperial councils, although she sat behind a curtain at the back of Emperor Gaozongs throne. In 675, Empress Wus eldest son and the heir apparent died mysteriously.  He had been agitating to have his mother step back from her position of power, and also wanted his half-sisters by Consort Xiao to be allowed to marry.  Of course, traditional accounts state that the Empress poisoned her son to death, and replaced him with the next brother, Li Xian.  However, within five years, Li Xian fell under suspicion of assassinating his mothers favorite sorcerer, so he was deposed and sent into exile.  Li Zhe, her third son, became the new heir apparent. Empress Regent Wu On December 27, 683, the Emperor Gaozong died after a series of strokes.  Li Zhe ascended the throne as Emperor Zhongzhong.  The 28-year-old soon started to assert his independence from his mother, who was given regency over him in his fathers will despite the fact that he was well into adulthood.  After just six weeks in office (January 3 - February 26, 684), Emperor Zhongzhong was deposed by his own mother, and placed under house arrest. Empress Wu next had her fourth son enthroned on February 27, 684, as the Emperor Ruizong.  A puppet of his mother, the 22-year-old emperor did not exert any actual authority.  His mother no longer hid behind the curtain during official audiences; she was the ruler, in appearance as well as fact.  After a reign of six and a half years, in which he was virtually a prisoner within the inner palace, Emperor Ruizong abdicated in favor of his mother.  Empress Wu became Huangdi, which is usually translated in English as emperor, although it is gender-neutral in Mandarin. Emperor Wu In 690, Emperor Wu announced that she was establishing a new dynastic line, called the Zhou Dynasty.  She reportedly used spies and secret police to root out political opponents and have them exiled or killed.  However, she was also a very capable emperor and surrounded herself with well-chosen officials.  She was instrumental in making the civil service examination a key part of the Chinese imperial bureaucratic system, which allowed only the most learned and talented men to rise to high positions in government. Emperor Wu carefully observed the rites of Buddhism, Daoism, and Confucianism, and made frequent offerings to curry favor with higher powers and retain the Mandate of Heaven.  She made Buddhism the official state religion, placing it above Daoism.  She also was the first female ruler to make offerings at the sacred Buddhist mountain of Wutaishan in the year 666.   Among the ordinary people, Emperor Wu was quite popular.  Her use of the civil service examination meant that bright but poor young men had a chance to become wealthy government officials.  She also redistributed land to ensure that peasant families all had enough to feed their families, and paid high salaries to government workers in the lower ranks. In 692, Emperor Wu had her greatest military success, when her army recaptured the four garrisons of the Western Regions (Xiyu) from the Tibetan Empire.  However, a spring offensive in 696 against the Tibetans (also known as Tufan) failed miserably, and the two leading generals were demoted to commoners as a result.  A few months later, the Khitan people rose up against the Zhou, and it took nearly a year plus some hefty tribute payments as bribes to quell the unrest. The imperial succession was a constant source of unease during Emperor Wus reign.  She had appointed her son, Li Dan (the former Emperor Ruizong), as the Crown Prince.  However, some courtiers urged her to choose a nephew or cousin from the Wu clan instead, to keep the throne in her own bloodline instead of that of her late husband.  Instead, Empress Wu recalled her third son Li Zhe (the former Emperor Zhongzong) from exile, promoted him to Crown Prince, and changed his name to Wu Xian. As Emperor Wu aged, she began to rely increasingly on two handsome brothers who were allegedly also her lovers, Zhang Yizhi and Zhang Changzong.  By the year 700, when she was 75 years old, they were handling many of the affairs of state for the Emperor.  They had also been instrumental in getting Li Zhe to return and become Crown Prince in 698. In the winter of 704, the 79-year-old Emperor fell seriously ill.  She would see nobody except for the Zhang brothers, which fueled speculation that they were planning to seize the throne when she died.  Her chancellor recommended that she allow her sons to visit, but she would not.  She pulled through the illness, but the Zhang brothers were killed in a coup on February 20, 705, and their heads were hung from a bridge along with three of their other brothers.  The same day, Emperor Wu was forced to abdicate the throne to her son. The former Emperor was given the title of Empress Regnant Zetian Dasheng.  However, her dynasty was finished; Emperor Zhongzong restored the Tang Dynasty on March 3, 705.  Empress Regnant Wu died on December 16, 705, and remains to this day the only female to rule imperial China in her own name. Sources Dash, Mike.  The Demonization of Empress Wu, Smithsonian Magazine, August 10, 2012. Empress Wu Zetian: Tang Dynasty China (625 - 705 AD), Women in World History, accessed July 2014. Woo, X.L. Empress Wu the Great: Tang Dynasty China, New York: Algora Publishing, 2008.

Critique. This Critique Seeks To Provide Contextualisation

Critique This critique seeks to provide contextualisation for investigations into gendered representations in children’s literature, and the mechanisms that underpin their construction and reproduction. The key aim is to explore possible shifts within gender representation in children’s literature. Hamilton et al. (2006) argue that although there have been changes, over time, to gender representations, improvements have been mitigated by both the underrepresentation of female characters and a continued tendency to cast girls in â€Å"passive roles, boys in active ones† (p. 758). It is important to note that whilst underrepresentation is an important facet of study in children’s literature, it will be excluded from this discussion as to†¦show more content†¦178). Representations are construction in text, thus have a constructive effect in shaping understandings of world, identity and gender (Sunderland, 2011, p. 5). Sunderland notes, and partially support s, claims that representations constructed by discourses that stress differences could play significantly into naturalising and legitimating traditional ideas of gender. Construction is not without criticism, particularly as there are multiple definitions of what constitutes constructionism. Similarly, meanings of key concepts are open to contest by theoretical approaches (Lehtonen, 2007, 11). For example, various theoretical approaches disagree on the ‘role of the reader’ in construction as an ‘active negotiator’ or ‘passive recipient’ (Stam, 2001, p. 294). Other criticism of construction, in relation to discourse, argues that it is stronger theoretically, but lacks empirical outcomes (Stam, 2001, p.294; Sunderland, 2004, p. 172). Sunderland does observe this. Her own clear and concise investigation on discourse allows her to explore and critique various theoretical approaches to gendered discourse. Throughout the book, Sunderland makes an argument for interdisciplinary approaches to gendered discourses arguing that each theoretical approach has something to offer that may support or strengthen the othersâ₠¬â„¢ conclusions. Despite criticism, it is possible to conclude that discursive construction is useful to critique approaches to representation toShow MoreRelatedThe Sociology Of Health And Mental Illness3181 Words   |  13 Pagesbe rooted in the Fruedo-Marxist ‘methodological individualism’ of critical theory (Rogers Pilgrim, 2010: 14), or even a broader constructionist critique of medical truth, it just as easily lends itself to a more limited historicist Libertarian reading: mental illness as socio-political deviance within an encroaching state (Sumner, 1994). Within this interface must be located the panoply of ‘iconographic’ representation (Shorter, 1997: 273) within wider mass-culture: Sumner cites the example of

Bronsted-Lowry Acid Definition

In 1923, chemists Johannes Nicolaus Brà ¸nsted and Thomas Martin Lowry independently described acids and bases based on whether they donate or accept hydrogen ions (H). The groups of acids and bases defined in this manner came to be known as either Bronsted, Lowry-Bronsted, or  Bronsted-Lowry acids and bases. A Bronsted-Lowry acid is defined as a substance that gives up or donates hydrogen ions during a chemical reaction. In contrast, a Bronsted-Lowry base accepts hydrogen ions. Another way of looking at it is that a Bronsted-Lowry acid donates protons, while the base accepts protons. Species that can either donate or accept protons, depending on the situation, are considered to be amphoteric. The Bronsted-Lowry theory differs from the Arrhenius theory is allowing acids and bases that dont necessarily contain hydrogen cations and hydroxide anions. Key Takeaways: Bronsted-Lowry Acid The Bronsted-Lowry theory of acids and bases was proposed independently in 1923 by Johannes Nicolaus Brà ¸nsted and Thomas Martin Lowry.A Bronsted-Lowry acid is a chemical species that donates one or more hydrogen ions in a reaction. In contrast, a Bronsted-Lowry base accepts hydrogen ions. When it donates its proton, the acid becomes its conjugate base.A more general look at the theory is an acid as a proton donor and a base as a proton acceptor. Conjugate Acids and Bases in Bronsted-Lowry Theory Every Bronsted-Lowry acid donates its proton to a species which is its conjugate base. Every Bronsted-Lowry base similarly accepts a proton from its conjugate acid. For example, in the reaction: HCl (aq) NH3 (aq)→ NH4 (aq) Cl- (aq) Hydrochloric acid (HCl)  donates a proton to ammonia (NH3) to form the ammonium cation (NH4) and the chloride anion (Cl-). Hydrochloric acid is a Bronsted-Lowry acid; the chloride ion is its conjugate base. Ammonia is a Bronsted-Lowry base; its conjugate acid is the ammonium ion. Sources Brà ¶nsted, J. N. (1923). Einige Bemerkungen à ¼ber den Begriff der Sà ¤uren und Basen [Some observations about the concept of acids and bases]. Recueil des Travaux Chimiques des Pays-Bas. 42 (8): 718–728. doi:10.1002/recl.19230420815Lowry, T. M. (1923). The uniqueness of hydrogen. Journal of the Society of Chemical Industry. 42 (3): 43–47. doi:10.1002/jctb.5000420302

Analysis of Colm Tóibins Short Story, A Journey Essay

Life is a journey, a cycle. We start somewhere and end somewhere, we are on a round trip. We experience different seasons and grow both physically and mentally. But some point in life all of us realize that we want last, live forever. From a very early age on we are being told that we all one day will pass away and be buried in the ground. The short story:†A Journey†, written by Colm Tà ³ibin, takes us on a journey together with a young boy called David and his mother Mary. The short story, A Journey, starts off in a dialogue, in medias res, between the son and his mother, where we also are introduced to a 3 rd person narrator. The story contains flashbacks, which are being told through the mothers point of view. †... but random images†¦show more content†¦Later, as he turned into an adult he got a serious depression. He even enrolled into a hospital in order to receive treatment for it. Maybe he has a tendency to be obsessed with negative aspects of life such as death, or he could have genetic causes, since his grandma hung herself, probably due to depression. â€Å"She saw the portrait of her mother hung after she died in the unused musty parlour over her fathers shop in Ferns.† On their way home to Seamus, Mary tries to start a conversation with her son, but he refuses to talk to her. He wants to remain in silence, something that possibly comforts him, but makes her feel uneasy. Deep down inside she wishes that everything could be as in the old days. She lives somehow in her past, since her mind often dwells on â€Å"the good old days†. She has a hard time to accept reality, and longs for it to change. This gives her strength to concur each single day, keeping her spirit high and remaining positive, even though she is surrounded by â€Å"clouds†. â€Å"She dreamed now of going back to Cush with him, of a bright summer day and the light from the sea giving him back something he lost, ah old vitality he seemed to have willfully discarded. She thought if he could walk on the sand in his bare feet, it might lift his spirits, but she sighed as she realized that nothing would be as quick or simple.† She tries to get beneath

21st Century man is no more knowledgeable than his 19th Century predecessor he simply thinks he is Free Essays

To answer this question entirely and accurately it is necessary to define quite what we mean by knowledge. Knowledge is the state or fact of knowing; the familiarity, understanding or awareness gained through experience or study; the sum or range of what has been perceived, studied or learned; learning, erudition: teachers of great knowledge or specific information about someone. This question needs to be answered before we can say whether a layman has become more knowledgeable since the 19th century or not. We will write a custom essay sample on 21st Century man is no more knowledgeable than his 19th Century predecessor: he simply thinks he is or any similar topic only for you Order Now I will focus on the first definition that states, â€Å"Knowledge is the state or fact of knowing. † A man’s knowledge consists of facts and we cannot say whether these so-called facts are true because if somebody tells us something we merely take it for granted that it is the truth. We can mainly tell what the macroscopic properties of something are i. . if someone confronted us with a red baseball bat we would be able to see that it was red and metallic looking and nobody would be able to disprove these facts. If we looked at the baseball bat closer though, going into the realms of science and the theories surrounding it and somebody said that the rod was steel and the atomic structure of steel was such and such and the properties of it were such and such we wouldn’t be able to see these things in reality. What we are taught in schools and elsewhere is basically the thoughts of other supposedly clever men and women and we cannot that they are true – to be very honest we cannot prove that anything is true not even that the world we live in is real and that we actually exist as people. An instance of everyone believing the words of some supposedly clever men is when before the time of Galileo (who proved this to be utter rubbish) it was widely believed that the world was flat and anyone who disagreed with this was joshed and laughed at, as everyone knew that the fact was that the earth was flat. This leads to my belief that in years to come things that we take for granted such as that we have landed on the moon will be proved to be complete rubbish and an immense cover-up by an embarrassed nation who could give its people what they wanted and so had to trick them into believing about space flight. From this we discover that knowledge is purely subjective and could not be any other way. Our knowledge of science or at least our layman’s grasp of it is in fact a jumble of half-remembered â€Å"facts† which we regurgitate when necessary. My view at the moment would be that a layman in the 21st century does know more a bout science than his predecessor in the 19th century. In the 19th century education was neither compulsory nor state-funded as it is today and so only the rich would have the benefit of a sound education and they could not be counted as lay. Even if they could be counted as lay though due to the fact that there has apparently been extremely large amounts of scientific discoveries made, such as that of electricity, between the 19th century and the present day. Other resources such as the media and the internet help to make information more widely available to us today and these certainly wouldn’t have been available or even existed in the 19th century. Every bit of this contributes to our so-called knowledge making us a more knowledgeable human being. We at Winchester College are in a slightly different situation to the your Joe Public on the street but even we have no idea what Phenyl Cyclo Hexyl Hyperidine (otherwise known as PCP) actually is. Now we ask ourselves do the scientists who do these things actually know that they are true or are they merely making educated guesses about them. They don’t; they merely speculate and that is the most that anyone can do. The fact that these scientists are always improving their theories suggests even more so that they are speculatory, as a fact cannot be changed in such a way by definition. The only thing that can be said to be a fact upon this apparently realistic earth, actually a simulation, is the Ultimate fact – that God exists. Unfortunately this is only the Ultimate fact to those who believe in God so even this can be argued against. Humans, at least in my knowledge, has not evolved at all since the 19th century thus our brains have no more capacity for extra knowledge, merely that we have extra information crammed into our head due to the fact that information is more readily available to us, rather than actually having more knowledge than we did in the 19th century. We could thus be called more knowledgeable but we don’t even know whether this so-called information is actually true or not. How to cite 21st Century man is no more knowledgeable than his 19th Century predecessor: he simply thinks he is, Papers

Causes Of Terrorism Essay Example For Students

Causes Of Terrorism Essay Terrorism Never Affected Anyone Until The ‘Attack on America’This is an announcement to all people within the boundaries of North America. Terror affects us all every day, not only the days when it is within our grasp of reality. The population of North America has never really taken into consideration that terrorist acts are important or even matter to their people. Why? Well that answer is simple. Anything that isn’t in our immediate scope of view is looked at in a fairy tale way. The American embassy bombings that seem to happen every year aren’t looked upon as important by the people of that country. Why should the world superpower’s people care if their country’s symbols are being annihilated almost annually? Terrorist acts must be one of the most cruel, cowardly, and overall selfish acts that can be inflicted on a group of people. This is underlined by the kind of people who wreak this havoc on innocent communities around the world every day. These fellow humans, who cause these terrible acts, are part of the most important problem facing the world today. People die from many different causes every year. This is a known fact, but how many people are killed by acts that are so selfish and cowardly that they can only be characterized by one statement: Terror? The answer to that depends on how you would define terror. For example the ‘Attack on America’, claimed what is estimated to be over six thousand people. This attack was targeted on major political and economic epicenters in the U.S. The World Trade Center towers were both demolished by planes flying into them. The Pentagon was damaged to a point where the fires were burning for days after. I am sure that the attack took in well over six thousand people. This atrocity took the population of the U.S. and the World in its path. The amount of people who it affected is incalculable. The people’s families who were affected by death are the immediate people who were affected. Next were the hundreds of millions of people populating the United States, and lastly were th e billions who watched on television around the world. This was a huge blow to not only the U.S. but also to the populous of earth. This attack didn’t attack only lives but it attacked the very basis of being free. The innocent people who were killed were in America because it was the ‘land of the free’. This is a world-wide fact, and we are all thinking if the Americans aren’t safe than who is? The repercussions of this didn’t just affect people but also the commerce of the world. When the American stock markets reopened the Monday after the attack the week before, as the other world markets had foretold, the American stock market dived reaching lows of such magnitude that the depression was the only time that rivaled the lows on the Dow Jones that week. The repercussions of this tragedy kept on piling and piling up. The people who felt the hit the worst were the workers in the business of commercial air travel. United Airlines alone layed off twelve thousand people and cancelled flight all across North America. This was not the only change that will be happening. We as consumers and people who fly are going to be slowed down to a crawl at airports with new security measures and procedures, but we will not have the flights we want and might have to be layed over to catch a connecting flight which means more wasted time for us. This shows that we all are affected in commercial travel and commerce by this calamity. .u44e29b8a6ba9c24db1819511c95342ee , .u44e29b8a6ba9c24db1819511c95342ee .postImageUrl , .u44e29b8a6ba9c24db1819511c95342ee .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u44e29b8a6ba9c24db1819511c95342ee , .u44e29b8a6ba9c24db1819511c95342ee:hover , .u44e29b8a6ba9c24db1819511c95342ee:visited , .u44e29b8a6ba9c24db1819511c95342ee:active { border:0!important; } .u44e29b8a6ba9c24db1819511c95342ee .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u44e29b8a6ba9c24db1819511c95342ee { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u44e29b8a6ba9c24db1819511c95342ee:active , .u44e29b8a6ba9c24db1819511c95342ee:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u44e29b8a6ba9c24db1819511c95342ee .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u44e29b8a6ba9c24db1819511c95342ee .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u44e29b8a6ba9c24db1819511c95342ee .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u44e29b8a6ba9c24db1819511c95342ee .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u44e29b8a6ba9c24db1819511c95342ee:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u44e29b8a6ba9c24db1819511c95342ee .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u44e29b8a6ba9c24db1819511c95342ee .u44e29b8a6ba9c24db1819511c95342ee-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u44e29b8a6ba9c24db1819511c95342ee:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: A Journey of Thousand Miles Starts with Single Step EssayThe signs were all there, threats, previous attacks on American embassy’s, and a general lax way of getting into the United States. It seems that terrorism had taken a backburner position. Aside from the Holy War attacks in Israel and Palestine that are pretty much daily occurrences terrorist acts have not been that important to people. Some would call the recent attack that took the lives of an estimated six thousand an overflow point. In all seriousness, depending on the reactions and retaliations by different sides there could be a full-fledged world war brewing. At the surface it seems harmless. The Americ ans are trying to keep their livelihood intact by paying strict attention to the number one suspect Osama bin Laden. When the name bin Laden comes to mind you think of him as a terrorist with major financial backing. This analysis is very true but he represents terrorism itself. He hates the ‘Land of the Free’ and is willing to admit that. The amounts of people who are like bin Laden are definitely numerous. If a coalition were to be had by the different America haters around the world no amount of military pressure could deflate these people without blowing up into a world war. The problem with terrorists is that they are not part of specific solid states. They are usually extremists who scatter themselves to various locales as to not be found. There has also been worries that States who do not like the U.S. have shown interest in backing anyone who wants to challenge the ‘Home of the Brave’. Specifically Saddam Hussein who has been quoted as saying to the American government â€Å"Use your intelligence and not your force or you might be sorry!† This implies that Saddam might just have some plans of his own when it comes to military involvement with the U.S. and bin Laden. The people of Earth have to realize that in these times anything is possible when a war can be started by just the push of a button. When people are capable of doing such things any number of situations could occur and we need to as a planet recognize this a put aside religious and political differences before we are all experiencing our own nuclear winter. We also have to recognize that although the horrible event that took place on September 11, 2001 does not just concern the people who lost loved ones and lives. We mourn for them all. We must see that that one terrorist act has affected the way most people live on this earth, in commerce, travel, and most of all in our minds. We are scared, there is no way that we couldn’t be. Bibliography:

The Wave Of The Future Is Drowning Out Very Quickly. All The Technolog

The wave of the future is drowning out very quickly. All the technology we have created will bit the dust before the systems really are used. At the end of the century all systems that have calendars to monitor systems or use calendars to show dates will shut down all at once. Major electronic systems such as elevators, alarm systems, fax machines, telephones, cars with computer systems will be nothing more than paper weights or wall designs nothing more. For years computers and electronic equipment were programmed to recognize a two digit year such as 98 for 1998. Consequently these systems may not function correctly when a new year appear as to be a lower number than the previous year, such as 00 for 2000. The year 2000 could be interpreted as 1900, causing major errors, stoppages, and unpredictable results that can seriously impact a business. The most electronically based operations would of the banking world were the date change would effect anything from tyme accounts to intere st balancing calculations. For example, in a banking application, if the interest is calculated for a given period by subtracting the years in two different dates, the code segment for above calculation will work if the given dates are between 01-Jan-1900 "How could the Year2000 Problem happen?" this is the first question asked by everyone who knows and hears of this problem. The Y2K problem has always been there and programmers were aware of this problem for years. Since programmers thought that the problem is to arise only after some decades, it was not given much importance. Now Y2K crisis is on top of us, the issue is critical universally. From the discussion of what is Y2K and how the problem arose,we are aware of the effect the problem will have. From the technical point of view two things could happen because of Y2K bugs. The first is that the system might crash . The programs will not be able to handle further calculation related to dates with zeros stored in them and there will be system failure. The system failure can be identified and can be rectified . The government has know about this problem for some time now And has set up committees to solve the problem before its too late, As a result of those committees, The Year 2000 Information and Readiness Disclosure Act was created. The Year 2000 Information and Readiness Disclosure Act is intended to promote the voluntary sharing of information needed to discover, avoid, or fix problems with year 2000 calculations in our nation?s software, computers, and technology products. In all civil litigation including certain antitrust actions, the Act limits the extent to which year 2000 statements can be the basis for liability and it prevents certain evidentiary uses, against the maker, of a subset of such statements. However, the Act ensures that only responsible, good faith information-sharing gets such protection. It is difficult to locate the Year2000 Problem. So the second eventuality is that the system will continue to perform various operations but the date calculations might be improper while the program is getting executed. The second problem is, in a way, more dangerous than the first because, before identification, the problem errors will creep in the data. The data will be calculated over and over again with erroneous dates and if the data of your system is provided to other systems then the effects of miscalculated dates could be far reaching. The Act encourages the use of the Internet to provide notice of all matters relating to year 2000 processing. In addition, the Act protects against disclosure and use in civil actions year 2000 information voluntarily provided to the government under a "special data gathering request." Finally, the Act creates a temporary exemption to the antitrust laws for sharing of year 2000 information, unless it results in an actual agreement to boycott, allocate markets, or fix prices. Not only will systems of everyday lives be affected, but the systems that save our lives every day will too. the Department of Transportation led by poor

Essay Samples On Personal Statement

Essay Samples On Personal StatementWhile there are plenty of essay samples on personal statement sample papers available for free, you might not know how to make them work for you. If you have a personal statement online, check it against sample personal statement and compare the two. If one is better than the other, then using it will be best.Use essay samples when you need one or when you have the freedom to write your own essay. It is very important that you do not go too far off track in creating a personal statement on your own. Even the most brilliant essays will not get anywhere if they are not backed up by the proper essay samples. When you have to write a personal statement for some reason, check it out and see if there are any essay samples that will work for you. If you have any trouble with this, the job of finding a personal statement sample may be daunting for you.The first thing you should do when you decide to use essay samples on personal statement sample papers is t o find a list of sample personal statement. These are available online in many places and can be downloaded from there. You can look at the samples and see if any that apply to you will fit your situation. For example, if you are a good writer and you like writing about yourself or a subject, you can use these samples.The first thing to do when you have to make a decision as to whether to use an original essay or a sample, is to read through both so that you can decide which one will work best for you. Both of these essay samples give you the same information, so there is no reason to use the original one. The best thing to do is find one that fits your situation the best. Sometimes, a personal statement that fits in the description of what you are going to write about is more effective.There are some good personal statement samples available and you should take a few minutes to check them out before you decide to use one. Keep in mind that if you use one of these sample essays, you are not required to change the tone or style of your personal statement. If you find it works, then that is what you will have to do.Some people do not want to use essay samples on personal statement because they find them difficult to use. The truth is, however, that if you use a few of these essay samples, you will be able to use them easily. They are very easy to read and you can use them without difficulty. While there are some essay samples that can take some time to understand, there are also some that you can use immediately.Use essay samples when you need to write an essay and not an essay. When you have a personal statement on your mind, check online or look at some samples, you will quickly be able to get started and create an essay that is sure to impress the admissions committee.

Differentiating for Learning Profile

Differentiating for Learning Profile Learning profiles refer to the ways in which learners are able to process and understand what they are taught. The main objective of differentiation by use of a learning profile is to establish an education system that effectively supports various forms of instruction, which can assist students with different learning abilities to study with ease.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Differentiating for Learning Profile specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The major components of the profile include the student’s learning styles, multiple intelligences, and learning environments (Adams Pierce, 2006, p. 53). This paper is aimed at making out the various differentiating methods as well as outlining how they work. It is difficult to find a classroom with students of the same intelligence quotient. Students differ in terms of language proficiency, readiness to learn, and the ability to understand what they are taught. In spite of these differences, students in the same classroom are all expected to understand and master the contents of what they are taught. Therefore, it is advisable that teachers develop teaching strategies that will ensure that every student learns with ease (Adams Pierce, 2006, p. 56). The leading principle in differentiated teaching styles is that the students learn best when they are allowed to relate their experiences and interests, to what they learn in the classroom. For that reason, the students get to master the concepts in curriculum when the instructors take them beyond the point where they require assistance in order to learn (Turville, 2008, p. 47). Differentiated learning requires an effective planning and the acknowledgement that students with different learning abilities have diverse experiences and interests when it comes to class work. There are various techniques that teachers can apply in differentiated learning for students with different learning abilities. T he first strategy is the differentiated process, which is based on how the students understand and absorb the concepts and skills they are taught. The differentiated process takes into consideration factors such as the student’s learning styles and the standards of performance that are required for a particular age (Tomlinson, 2001, p. 80). In the differentiated process, the students are allowed to learn based on the areas of the curriculum in which they experience most difficulties, or through the methods they feel are the easiest for them to understand what they are taught. Most teachers prefer to use the students’ multiple intelligence to provide the differentiated teaching based on the process (Tomlinson, 2001, p. 82).Advertising Looking for essay on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Multiple intelligences make it easy for teachers to categorize the students into different groups, including those who prefer practice in reading and the ones whose understanding is enhanced by manipulating objects that are associated with the content of what they are taught (Tomlinson, 2001, p. 83). The second strategy, the differentiated products, is based on what the student is able to produce in relation to what he is taught. In the differentiated product approach, the teacher can assign tasks to the students in accordance with how they master the concepts that they are taught, or in line with their preferences (Tomlinson, 2001, p. 86). The main objective of the differentiated product method, therefore, is to allow the students to demonstrate their understanding in relation to the concepts they have learned, based on their abilities, preferences, and interests (Tomlinson, 2001, p. 87). The last, the differentiated content, is based on the content that the students have been able to understand. Students are likely to show a varied level of mastery of the concepts that they have been ta ught; some students may demonstrate a partial mastery, while a good number of them may show a complete unfamiliarity with the concepts that are taught, even as some may demonstrate a perfect mastery (Tomlinson, 2001, p. 73). In the differentiated content approach, the teachers are expected to differentiate learning by designing tasks that include all the areas outlined in the Bloom’s taxonomy. The main advantage of differentiated content is that it allows the teachers to easily assign the students the specific content they are supposed to learn at a given time (Tomlinson, 2001, p. 74). The creation of a class that supports multiple ways of learning is done in two steps. First, a teacher should get to understand his or her students. This will help the teacher in determining the strengths of every student in a particular learning area. The teacher will also be able to identify each student’s interests and preferences (Turville, 2008, p. 49). The second step involves the identification of sections of the curriculum that are adaptable to the differentiated learning. This can be done by determining the best ideas for tasks, assessment, and activities that are related to a particular concept (Turville, 2008, p. 50).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Differentiating for Learning Profile specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The last activities of the teachers in the differentiated learning strategy involve adding variety to the teaching styles they carry out to ensure they assist the students in developing a repertoire approach to learning. The most effective ways of accomplishing these tasks entail developing a general work plan that can make easy and enhance the use of materials, space, time, and nurture the existing students’ abilities in the classroom. This approach also involves the adoption of brainstorming methods geared toward enhancing delivery techniques that target visual and auditory students, and the identification of other options for assessing the understanding and absorption rates of each student in the classroom (Adams, Pierce, 2006, p. 58). References Adams, C., Pierce, R. (2006). Differentiating instruction: A practical guide to tiered lessons in the elementary grades. Waco, TX: Prufrock Press. Turville, J. (2008). Differentiating by student learning preferences: Strategies and lesson plans. Larchmont, NY: Eye on Education. Tomlinson, C. A. (2001). How to differentiate instruction in mixed-ability classrooms. Alexandria, VA: Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development.

How Litter Trashes the Environment

How Litter Trashes the Environment Environmentalists consider littering a nasty side effect of our convenience-oriented disposable culture. Just to highlight the scope of the problem, California alone spends $28 million a year cleaning up and removing litter along its roadways. And once trash gets free, wind and weather move it from streets and highways to parks and waterways. One study found that 18 percent of litter ends up in rivers, streams, and oceans. In particular, the issue of microplastics is particularly dramatic in some parts of our oceans, including the Great Pacific Garbage Patch. Cigarettes a Major Cause of Litter Cigarette butts, snack wrappers and take-out food and beverage containers are the most commonly littered items. Cigarettes are one of the most insidious forms of litter: Each discarded butt takes 12 years to break down, all the while leaching toxic elements such as cadmium, lead, and arsenic into soil and waterways. Litter Typically Viewed as a Local Problem The burden of litter cleanup usually falls to local governments or community groups. Some U.S. states, including Alabama, California, Florida, Nebraska, Oklahoma, Texas, and Virginia, are taking strong measures to prevent litter through public education campaigns, and are spending millions of dollars yearly to clean up. British Columbia, Nova Scotia, and Newfoundland also have strong anti-litter campaigns. Keep America Beautiful and Litter Prevention Keep America Beautiful (KAB), the group known for its â€Å"crying Indian† anti-litter TV ads of bygone days, has been organizing litter cleanups across the United States since 1953. KAB has a strong track record of success in litter prevention, though it has been accused of doing the bidding of its industry founders and supporters (which include tobacco and beverage companies) by opposing many mandatory bottle- and can-recycling initiatives over the years and downplaying the issue of litter from cigarettes. Nonetheless, 2.8 million KAB volunteers picked up 200 million pounds of litter in KAB’s annual Great American Cleanup last year [2007]. Litter Prevention Around the World A more grassroots-oriented litter prevention group is Auntie Litter, which started in 1990 in Alabama to help educate students there about the importance of a healthy and clean environment. Today the group works internationally to help students, teachers, and parents eliminate litter in their communities. In Canada, the nonprofit Pitch-In Canada (PIC), founded in the late-1960s by some hippies in British Columbia, has since evolved into a professionally run national organization with a tough anti-litter agenda. Last year 3.5 million Canadians volunteered in PIC’s annual nationwide Cleanup Week. Only You Can Prevent Litter Doing your part to keep litter to a minimum is easy, but it takes vigilance. For starters, never let trash escape from your car, and make sure household garbage bins are sealed tightly so animals can’t get at the contents. Always remember to take your garbage with you upon leaving a park or other public space. And if you’re still smoking, isn’t saving the environment a compelling enough reason to finally quit? Also, if that stretch of roadway you drive every day to work is a haven for litter, offer to clean it up and keep it clean. Many cities and towns welcome â€Å"Adopt-A-Mile† sponsors for particularly litter-prone streets and highways, and your employer might even want to get in on the act by paying you for your volunteer time. Edited by Frederic Beaudry

Critical appraisal of company's CSR Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Critical appraisal of company's CSR - Essay Example Currently, there are over 7000 stores worldwide and employs more than 2.1 people, commonly referred to as associates according to Sam’s policy. The company also has thousands of departmental and discount stores all over the world. The headquarters of Wal-Mart Stores is in Bentonville, Arkansas. The company topped the list of Fortune Global 500 as one of the largest public companies based on revenue. The company publishes a report dubbed the Global Responsibility Report to keep the public informed. The report covers People, profit, and the planet. It informs the general public and customers the progress on various projects as well the earnings made annually. The report all emphasizes on equality and gender diversity in its associates. The company also has an advisory board on Gender Equality and Diversity, who role is to ensure equality and proper gender representation in the gender roles. This has seen an increase in the number of female leaders in the top leader from 23 873 in 2005 to 25,246 in 2010 (Wal-Mart Stores, 2013). As one, the multinational companies, Wal-Mart has adopted corporate social responsibility as one of its core business strategies. The store invests billions of dollars annually in a variety of projects to ensure its customers maintain confidence in the multinational company. From ethical sourcing, hunger relief, school nutrition programs, police and military family support, anti-malaria initiatives and small farmer market access, Wal-Mart stores CSR strategy is all round (Wal-Mart Stores, 2013). The firm engages in ethical sourcing of its associates. Previously, the firm had a court battle for employing underage kids in Bangladesh. As a result, the firm was in the spotlight for the wrong reasons. The firm has taken measures to overcome this negative perception by engaging in ethical sourcing of its employees. There is screening of employees when being hired in addition to practicing gender

The impact to the individual's participation in staff development Essay

The impact to the individual's participation in staff development - Essay Example Finally, two sections examine the theories of Hallinger and Kantamara (2003) and Bolom and Turner (2003). The objective of this literature review is to critically analyze the report whilst keeping the dissertation's objective, identified problems and aim or research questions as a guide. Further, the need for further research from new questions that will arise from this review will justify the need of the dissertation on the subject of why individuals have difficulties participating in staff development. Section I - Quality Education The fundamental question asked concerns education in the 21st century and challenges both future appropriateness of the educational system and its delivery. In reality, the 21st century is something we know very little about, as we are only just 10 years into this century and the new millennium. The future is unknown and therefore one can only forecast, project and extrapolate as to what might be, based on what is already know. Ideology in education is a n evolutionary process. Dominant views on education have influenced teachers for decades. For example, goals to provide equal opportunities and use of young people as a resource for the nation were initiated in from post-war years up to the early 1970s as part of economic expansion. Similarly, the Plowden Report supported child-centred teaching methods to focus on the unique development of each child, becoming known as ‘progressivism’. This ideology is Liberal Romanticism, which also values diversity and individual difference. In the early to mid-1970s, standards were said to have regressed (‘Black Papers’) because curriculum design and organization lacked rigor. In response, the ideology of Educational Conservatism was introduced which emphasized â€Å"the transmission of established social values, knowledge and culture through a subject-orientated approach,† as stated by Pollard & Tann (1990 p 40). The good teacher would reflect on such ideologies and extract ‘the wheat from the chaff’ to improve his own approach to teaching. While such pragmatic values seem promising in theory, the reality of the situation is such that teacher training and curriculum development must develop more objective means of understanding. While the good teacher should have a thirst for continual improvement, this best occurs within an objective framework. As previously mentioned, I personally self-assess my own performance at the end of each lesson. If a lesson has been observed or I have been using classroom assistants, I actively seek their constructive criticism, as I want to be become not only a good teacher but a first class one. Such self-reflexivity is best supplemented with the university model. Pollard & Tann (1990 p 14) state â€Å"practical experience and related discussions at university seem to be more powerful influences for PGCE students on their professional development than their subject studies.† In attempting to become a first class teacher, I found this to be consistently accurate. I am always willing to learn from experienced professionals and lectures. When not teaching, I use the time to observe others to learn valuable experiences. I found my university workshops an excellent source of ideas and an excellent forum to share and learn the best practices. The question to be asked is not â€Å"what is the reason for education?† but â€Å"is it a good education?† A good education should seek to â€Å"

The Mergers And Acquisitions Management Essay

The Mergers And Acquisitions Management Essay In May of 1998, two of the largest car manufacturers in the business Daimler-Benz and Chrysler Corporation agreed to combine their organizations in what they agreed to be an egalitarian merger. Egalitarianism is a cultural value which represents the opposite of a hierarchy (Brett and Okumura, 1998) and which communicates the nature of the companys social structure (Brett, 2000). Whereas an organizational social structure defined by hierarchy demands respect, advantage, and authority to those in the top tier of the corporation, an egalitarian social structure places less demands on lower-level staff members, based on the premise that superior status is subject to change (Brett, 2000). However, an egalitarian merger would prove to be a challenge as German and American styles of management appeared to be polar opposites. German organizational structure was authoritarian, bureaucratic, and centralized; while American organizational structure was mostly participative, empowered, and ega litarian. To further complicate company relations, a statement emitted by Jurgen Schrempp in an interview with the Financial Times (1999), indicated the true intentions of the transaction, stating that the merger was never intended to be among equals. Such a statement revealed inherent flaws in communication which would disrupt perceived trustworthiness of Daimler-Benz, as well as control issues based on mutual misunderstanding as a result mutual insensitivity to cultural differences. Because an autocratic management style predominated in Daimler Benz, the acquisition instilled a sense of entitlement to authoritarian values within the German company, imposing upon Chrysler a top-down management approach which disregarded existing Chrysler company values and interpersonal dynamics. However, Chrysler also failed to recognize and adapt to dominating German styles of operation, choosing to adopt a more passive approach which reduced effective leadership within the American workforce. Because cross-cultural integration was so poorly prioritized within the Daimler-Chrysler merger, steps to generating a more adaptive response to the merger are recommended. First and foremost, both companies should create contingencies to account for the integration of potentially dissonant company values. Culture is a highly influential variable which must be thoroughly researched and communicated to both parties in order to create a higher understanding of mutual approaches. Once culturally sensitized, organizations must create and implement new organizational values which transcend both parties particular cultures, in order to create a third culture in which communication and productivity is based on awareness, respect, and commitment to fulfilling mutual company goals. Thus, by appointing an integration manager, the acquired company should report arising doubts stemming from the cultural aspects of the merger. In addition, company restructuring and related downsizing should be do ne as quickly and as respectfully as possible, in order to increase organizational efficiency. Finally, inclusive team-building amongst both entities should be promoted in order to generate innovative problem-solving ideas which strengthen and unite company relations. What is a merger? In general, a merger can be defined as the integration of an acquired company into the existing, acquiring company. In terms of finance, an acquiring company purchases the majority of shares from the acquired company, thus merging both assets into one expanding share. A merger tends to be a permanent arrangement and usually the company who acquires the shares retains its namesake. The International Competition Network identifies three major types of merger transactions: Share Acquisitions, Asset Acquisitions, and Joint Ventures. A share acquisition is defined by obtaining a controlling equity interest in the target such that it can exercise decisive influence over the targets business operations (ICN, 2010). On the other hand, an asset acquisition is defined as a buyout strategy in which valuable elements rather than shares of a financially unstable company are purchased. Furthermore, the acquiring company can choose which specific assets or liabilities it wants to purchase. Finall y, a joint venture is defined as a partnership between two companies which participate in a transaction of shared risks and assets for mutual benefit. Joint ventures are commonly proposed to domestic companies of a designated region by foreign companies who wish to expand their markets. In this transaction, the foreign company usually provides an advantage in technology and materials while the domestic company provides established contacts, brand recognition, and fulfillment of required government procedures. Synergy: Reasons for Mergers Synergy is the belief that current productivity levels and overall value of two separate companies will be greater following the integration of both. Schweiger Very (2003) identify four elements which comprise synergy: cost, revenue, market power, and intangibles. A cost synergy implies reducing overall organizational costs of administration and sales, as well as promoting functional consolidation and optimizing sales force and distribution, among others. Revenue synergies are associated with increasing volume of sales by selling products throughout a variety of markets with the intention of reducing fixed production costs. Market power is related to the acquisition of a competing market in order to maintain or increase product prices. Finally, intangibles refer to the ability to successfully transfer expertise and brand-name power to the acquired company (Haspeslagh Jemison, 1991). Synergies provide a company with the motivation necessary to pursue a merger. Supported by the various synergies are various strategic reasons for pursuing a merger. Schweiger Very (2003) identify 5 particular objectives to be fulfilled by mergers: geographic market consolidation, extension of technology, services or products, and geographic market expansion, among entering a new business and vertical integration which is the process of becoming a supplier or distributor in order to increase company value. Once a company has been acquired and the merger fulfilled, it is important to fulfill certain variables in order to achieve a smooth transition of company management. The level and speed of integration are crucial to organizational adaptation and will vary in success depending on applied integration strategy, organizational culture, and employed acculturation strategies. Acculturation refers to the process in which the acquired company adopts the acquiring companys organizational culture as its own. It is argued that a successful integration of company values is a greater predictor of overall company progress than financial or strategic factors (Larsson Lubatkin, 2001). An acquired company which retains a high degree of autonomy and cultural identity is indicative of a successful integration. However, a company which abandons its cultural identity and structure in favor of the acquiring companys identity suggests previous failure and distrust of proper capacities to succeed. Quality of communication is also a fundamental factor in achieving post-merger success. Poor communication between organizations can lead to a perceived lack of trust and caring by the acquired company, as well as a decrease in commitment and satisfaction. In addition, the degree of retained autonomy displayed by the acquired company directly relates to the level of integration achieved by the company: A higher level of autonomy is suggestive of a low level of integration, and vice versa. Although a certain level of autonomy can be beneficial for the acquired company, it can prove to be counterproductive if it does not correspond to the defining terms of the merger acquisition. Mergers and the Importance of Organizational Change Change provides a company with the opportunity to develop, expand, and progress. Future-oriented theories define organizational change as the process of setting, executing, and renewing company goals in order to achieve an ideal state of relevance and innovation. Similarly, life-cycle theories explain change as an externally-dependent process which evolves through various stages: birth (or emergence), growth (or development), maturation, and decline. Finally, dialectical theory compares organizations to multicultural societies with clashing values which generate change. In any case, an organization which embraces change demonstrates its capability to adapt and thrive on an ever-evolving marketplace. Similarly, employees who adapt to implemented organizational changes experience enhanced satisfaction in their performance, additional to as a greater sense of involvement in their work environment. If embraced properly, positively-promoted change can create a stimulating environment ripe for innovation, as well as a renewed sense of commitment to the company. Thus, effective leadership during transitional states of implemented change is crucial to decreasing employee stress while increasing overall productivity (Halkos, 2012). Reasons for Failure of Organizational Change Many factors contribute to failure to adapt to change within an organization. Specifically, there are 6 fundamental factors which influence unsuccessful implementation of change: premature or insufficient willingness to change, lack of contingencies to support the change, expecting immediate results, focus on change as opposed to results, leadership and management deficiencies, and divergence between planned strategy and circumstances of change (Yhang, Zuo, Yu, 2009). In addition, research by Amburgey, Kelly, Barnett (1993) has found support for Hannan Freemans (1984) Structural Inertia Theory, which states that both internal and external constraints greatly influence the outcome of organizational change. Section 1: Daimler-Chrysler Merger: A Cultural Mismatch Q.1 Mergers and Acquisitions take place to realize the synergies between the two or more companies involved. Using Cultural theories, explain why do you think the Daimler-Chrysler merger failed to realize the synergies that were expected from it? The merger between Daimler-Chrysler failed to fulfill synergic expectancies because appropriate steps to ensure adequate integration between two organizational cultures were not implemented. Daimler-Benz did not effectively communicate their true intentions regarding the merger with Chrysler, initially setting expectancies for a joint-venture equalitarian status which was later revoked by Daimler-appointed, Chrysler USA CEO Juergen Schrempp. This lack of communication created expectancies of equality and autonomy among Chrysler employees which were disregarded post-merger. However, Chrysler USA showed lack of leadership in adapting to the new model of organizational structure implemented by Daimler-Benz, thus increasing levels of stress among employees while reducing perceived trust in leadership capabilities, level of commitment to the company, productivity and job satisfaction. Cultural differences were vast, and failed to adapt to typical inclusion challenges faced by foreign companies intending to establish their presence in domestic markets. Whereas the German organization displayed the level of formality, precision, bureaucracy and orientation to detail typical of autocratic and bureaucratic styles of management, leadership within Chrysler USA inclined towards a participative approach which valued empowerment and egalitarian relations. In order to minimize cultural clash, Schrempp allowed each company to retain their own structural and cultural approaches, suggesting the adoption of a separatist mode of acculturation. However, the lack of communication which accompanied this decision failed to address the uncertainties in organizational procedure brought by the merger, in addition to the true intentions of Daimler-Benz to acquire the company as a subsidiary and not as an equal partner. Thus, the true nature of the merger was revealed in the way Daimler- Benz promoted cultural assimilation without regard to existing structure in Chrysler USA. Q.2 Many a Cross Cultural mergers have failed because proper attention was not given to the difference in cultures between the two companies. What issues should be addressed to make cross culture merger a success? Include an Action plan in your recommendation section. In order for a cross-culture merger to be a success, cultural issues must be assessed and addressed as thoroughly as possible in order to dispel uncertainty which may give rise to increasing tension and diminished productivity in the workplace. To further any plans without assessing overall adaptation to newly-implemented changes would hinder any opportunities for organizational development. A merger that is both culturally aware and financially sound is fundamental to achieving success as a newly-formed corporation entity. Even though Daimler-Benz eventually attempted to increase cultural awareness within its organization by promoting seminars on cultural awareness, learning the language and experimenting with a casual dress code, cultural integration remained ineffective as both parties were still heavily entrenched in the bases of their pre-existing organizational structure. American employees were encouraged to learn the German language and increase specificity in their planning, but remained fundamentally adrift in their leadership while their German counterparts continued to eliminate Chrysler authority by replacing top-tier management with German executives. Essentially, both organizations resisted the changes implemented by the merger and did not manage a successful integration of company cultures. Because of the complexity involved in adapting and conforming to external cultural values, a new approach focusing on promoting a Third Culture has been suggested by a growing body of research as a way to demonstrate respect for pre-existing cultural identities within the organization. Yan and Luo (2001) suggest a series of actions to motivate intercultural learning. A partners level of commitment and negotiating skills should be thoroughly assessed; flow of knowledge should be constantly improved through effective communication; and inter-organizational trust should be reinforced (Graen, 2003). In addition, Graen Wakabayashi (1994) suggest an alignment of diverging cultures by implementing the LMX Third Culture Way, an overall procedural strategy which encourages mutual respect among cultures, as well as the acceptance and commitment of both parties to a mutual way of fulfilling the merger transactions objectives. Subsequently, acquired knowledge should be integrated successfully i n organizational practices (Graen, 2003), and knowledge leaks should be prevented in order to maintain organizational unity and edge. Similarly, overdependence in either one of the parties should be avoided, instead incentivizing employees from both parties to provide efficient and innovative suggestions. Finally, all acquired knowledge should be implemented in company culture and promoted through frequent and effective communication, and consultancy and support for both parties should be provided throughout every stage of the merging process. Such support would assist organizational transition by promoting a general understanding of distinct cultural values and potential attitudes and behaviors related to each of the involved parties. In turn, promoting a companys own awareness helps develop consciousness of typical behaviors inherent in the company and their influence on others, thus developing a greater level of cultural sensitivity which fosters more effective inter-management a nd management-employee relationships. Finally, constant promotion and reinforcement of third-culture values increase trust and perceived competence among both entities, increasing the overall effectiveness of communication. Section 2: Renault Enters India with a Joint Venture Q1. Examine the factors that influenced Renaults Decision to choose a joint venture entry mode as opposed to Green Field entry mode to enter the Indian market. Include in your answer an explanation of how the characteristics of India have affected this decision. As previously discussed, a joint venture is a strategic merger approach typically employed by a company that wishes to corner a foreign market. By approaching Mahindra and Mahindra (subsidiary of Nissan) as a joint venture, it seizes the opportunity to create a lasting, egalitarian relationship between both parties, in a dynamic which delegates autonomy and expertise to the Indian company while benefitting from the familiarity of its brand name and knowledge of domestic markets. However, profitable benefits are mutual as Mahindra and Mahindra disregard their allegedly small stake in the Indian subsidiary of Ford in order to gain a 20 per cent share of the total auto market in India. Q2. Discuss the main advantages and disadvantages for Renault using a Joint Venture mode compared to a Green Field entry mode. Explain the main differences between the two modes in terms of control, risk, and flexibility. Include an action plan which includes some steps to portray Renault as a good corporate citizen to reduce its political risk. In general, a joint venture with Mahindra and Mahindra allowed Renault to benefit from valuable, strategic assets, as well as a quicker and more formidable entry into a competitive, locally-cornered market. Had Renault approached the Indian market through Green Field Entry, it would have spent additional costs in starting a foreign subsidiary and forgone the invaluable expertise and established market shares it earned through the partnership with Mahindra. Furthermore, an analytical gaze at the Indian automobile market reveals that India is developing exponentially, with its southern cluster alone holding a 35 percent revenue share. Had Renault opted for the Green Field approach, it would have had to face a deeply competitive market with no realistic, cost-effective strategy of entry. Alternatively, both companies have demonstrated a successful adaptation to the merger by focusing on the strategies necessary to achieve mutual benefit. As previously suggested by Yan and Luo (2004), both Renault and Mahindra promote business interactions characterized by Third Culture elements, by incentivizing effective performance by communicating their company objectives and expectations in a direct manner, also reinforcing trust and productivity among both organizations. However, one frequent problem resulting from joint ventures relates to attitude changes by one of the owners (Miller Glen, 1997), suggesting difficulties in aspects of control. Diverging interests in products, disregard for more cost-effective sourcing, and mutual misunderstanding based on insensitivity to cultural differences are only a few of the issues arising from control problems. Thus, it is important for both Renault and Mahindra to continue fostering a Third Culture approach to their relations by contin ually generating cultural awareness and securing valuable knowledge produced by their interactions and joint experiences, as well as by increasing overall organizational flexibility when approaching overlapping company structures. Conclusions Mergers occur for various reasons, which include: increased mutual profit, market power, and intangible assets such as shared expertise. However, the process of merging to distinct companies with particular organizational cultures and structures can prove to be challenging to both parties, especially in regards to integrating new objectives and culturally-influenced expectations of productivity. As seen in the case study of Daimler-Chrysler, an inappropriate communication dynamic, as well as intercultural resistance, diminished the potential to achieve greater levels of productivity and satisfaction among both parties and failed to extinguish increasing levels of stress and distrust among the acquiring and acquired entities. In order to increase opportunities for a successful multicultural merger, both organizations should raise cultural awareness amongst each other through direct and respectful feedback and a constant and secure influx of knowledge which reinforces a general and uni ting third culture.